Moof University

Intro to Structure, Function, Importance

Nonpolar / Hydrophobic Amino Acids

Polar / Hydrophilic Amino Acids

A Brief Explanation of Isoelectric pH (pI)

Peptides, Polypeptides, Peptide Bonds

Intro and Importance

Levels of Protein Structure

Primary (1°) Structure

Secondary (2°) Structure

Supersecondary Structures and Motifs

Tertiary (3°) Structure

Quaternary (4°) Structure

Denaturation

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

How High Altitude Affects Hemoglobin and its Binding Curve

Other / Minor Hemoglobins (HbA2, HbA1C, HbF)

Hemoglobinopathies - Introduction

Sickle Cell Disease (HbS) -- [Qualitative Hemoglobinopathy]

Hemoglobin C Disease (HbC) -- [Qualitative Hemoglobinopathy]

Hemoglobin SC Disease (HbSC) -- [Qualitative Hemoglobinopathy]

α-Thalassemia -- [Quantitative Hemoglobinopathy]

β-Thalassemia -- [Quantitative Hemoglobinopathy]

Synthesis / Assembly of Collagen

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) / "Brittle Bone Disease"

Alport Syndrome

Goodpasture Syndrome (GPS)

Menkes Disease / Menkes Syndrome (MNK)

Scurvy

Cofactors, Coenzymes, and Prosthetic Groups

Some Drugs that are Competitive Inhibitors

Some Drugs that are Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Irreversible Inhibitors and Drug Examples

Isozymes and their Use in Clinical Diagnosis

Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides (Printable PDF)

Disaccharides

Disaccharides (Printable PDF)

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides (Printable PDF)

Digestion and Absorption

The 10 Steps

Interface with Other Pathways and Molecules

Regulation

Catabolic Fates of Pyruvate: Fermentation - Lactate and Alcohol

Clinical Correlate: Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD)

Clinical Correlate: Arsenic Poisoning

The 11 Steps [Overview]

The 11 Steps [Detailed Visuals]

Interface with Other Pathways and Molecules

Regulation

Structure and Function

Glycogen Breakdown (Glycogenolysis)

Signal Transduction for Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism [Overview]

Overview of Glycogen Metabolism / Interface with Other Pathways and Molecules

Pompe's Disease [Type II GSD]

Cori's Disease [Type III GSD]

Andersen's Disease [Type IV GSD]

McArdle's Disease [Type V GSD]

Hers' Disease [Type VI GSD]

Tarui's Disease [Type VII GSD]

Galactosemia

Lactose Synthesis

Fructose Metabolism

Disorders of Fructose Metabolism

Sorbitol and Hyperglycemia

Regulation [Overview]

NADPH and Glutathione as Anti-Oxidants

G6PDH Deficiency and Hemolytic Anemia

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): Structure and Function: 6 Classes of GAGs

Proteoglycans: Structure and Function

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): Degradation and Mucopolysaccharidoses - Intro

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): Degradation of Heparan Sulfate

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): Degradation of Dermatan Sulfate

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): Degradation of Keratan Sulfate

Mucopolysaccharidoses: Hurler Syndrome [Lysosomal Storage Disease]

Mucopolysaccharidoses: Hunter Syndrome [Lysosomal Storage Disease]

Glycoproteins: Structure and Function

Glycoproteins: Synthesis - Overview

Glycoproteins: Synthesis - Targeting Enzymes for Lysosomes

Glycoproteins: Inclusion Cell (I Cell) Disease [Lysosomal Storage Disease]

PDH Complex: Regulation

PDH Complex Clinical Correlate: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency (PDCD)

PDH Complex Clinical Correlate: Arsenic Poisoning

TCA / Krebs / Citric Acid Cycle: Reactions of the Pathway - 8 Steps

TCA / Krebs / Citric Acid Cycle: Regulation

TCA / Krebs / Citric Acid Cycle: Interface with Other Pathways and Molecules

Oxidative Phosphorylation, Chemiosmosis, ATP Synthase

ETC Inhibitors and Uncouplers

Malate-Aspartate Shuttle - [Details]

Glycerol-Phosphate Shuttle - [Details]

Dietary Lipids: Digestion and Absorption (Part 2 of 3) - Absorption

Dietary Lipids: Digestion and Absorption (Part 3 of 3) - Clinical Correlate: Malabsorption

Triacylglycerol / Triglyceride Mobilization and Fatty Acid Activation

Clinical Correlate: Carnitine Deficiency and Carnitine as a Supplement

Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Even-Numbered, Saturated Fatty Acid)

Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Even-Numbered, Saturated Fatty Acid) - ATP Energy Calculation

Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Odd-Numbered, Saturated Fatty Acid)

Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Odd-Numbered, Saturated Fatty Acid) - ATP Energy Calculation

Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Unsaturated Fatty Acid) - ATP Energy Calculation

Beta (β) Oxidation in Peroxisomes, Zellweger Syndrome, Adrenoleukodystrophy

Alpha (α) Oxidation in Peroxisomes, Refsum's Disease

Omega (ω) Oxidation

Clinical Correlate: Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (MCAD) Deficiency

Glycerophospholipid Degradation

Clinical Correlate: Lung Surfactant and Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)

Sphingolipids: Degradation and Sphingolipidoses - Intro

Sphingolipids: Degradation and Sphingolipidoses - Details

Sphingolipidoses: Niemann-Pick Disease [Lysosomal Storage Disease]

Sphingolipidoses: Gaucher Disease [Lysosomal Storage Disease]

Sphingolipidoses: Krabbe Disease [Lysosomal Storage Disease]

Sphingolipidoses: Metachromatic Leukodystrophy [Lysosomal Storage Disease]

Sphingolipidoses: Fabry Disease [Lysosomal Storage Disease]

Eicosanoids: Metabolism and Clinical Relevance

Cholesterol Degradation

Intro, Structure, Function

Deconjugation, Reabsorption / Recycling, and Excretion

Clinical Correlate: Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)

Steroid Hormones: Basic Mechanism of Action

Steroid Hormone Synthesis in the Testes

Steroid Hormone Synthesis in the Ovaries

Steroid Hormone Degradation / Excretion

Clinical Correlate: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) / Adrenogenital Syndrome

Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type I - [Chylomicronemia]

Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type IIa - [Familial Hypercholesterolemia]

Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type IIb - [Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia]

Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type IV - [Familial Hypertriglyceridemia]

Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type V - [Mixed Hyperlipidemia]

Hypolipoproteinemia: Abetalipoproteinemia

Hypolipoproteinemia: Tangier Disease

Protein Digestion and Absorption: Absorption

Disorders and Treatments: A Few More Notes

Intro and Essential vs Non-Essential Amino Acids

Synthesis of Non-Essential Amino Acids

Classic Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Malignant Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Albinism

Tyrosinemia Type I (Tyrosinosis)

Homocystinuria

Propionic Acidemia

Methylmalonic Acidemia

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)

Catecholamines: Intro

Catecholamines: Synthesis (and Degradation)

Serotonin and Melatonin

Creatine

Melanin

Histamine

γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

Heme Biosynthesis: Details

Heme Biosynthesis: Overview

Porphyrias: Intro / Overview

Porphyrias: ALA Dehydratase Deficient Porphyria

Porphyrias: Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)

Porphyrias: Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (CEP)

Porphyrias: Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT)

Porphyrias: Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP)

Porphyrias: Variegate Porphyria (VP)

Heme Biosynthesis Clinical Correlate: X-Linked Sideroblastic Anemia (XLSA)

Heme Biosynthesis Clinical Correlate: Lead Poisoning

Heme Degradation: Details

Heme Degradation: Overview / Summary

Heme Degradation: Hyperbilirubinemia and Jaundice